Rhinoplasty (formed by two other Greek words with the meaning of "nose" + "plastic", therefore literally translates as "plastic nose") is part of plastic surgery that deals with the correction of the congenital (obtained at the stage of embryogenesis) and the nasal deformities.To put it, it is plastic surgery to correct external and internal defects of the nose.Distinguish between open, closed and non -bad rhinoplasty.In most cases, aesthetic and functional defects are eliminated surgically.
Initially, the correction was made only in connection with injuries, serious illnesses and noticeable congenital defects.Subsequently, plastic surgery begins to be performed, most often, according to aesthetic indications, to change the appearance of the nose.For example, remove the hump, reduce the tip, lift the bridge of the nose, reduce your nostrils, etc. A little story. For the first time, surgeons of the ancient world performed rhinoplasty. It was mentioned in the ancient manuscript of Ayurveda, dating from approx.1000 BC, this document captures the bigger part of the facts about the drug for antiquity.The restoration of units of the person was required by the wars and the people who were crippled in the battle during the execution of the court sentence.At that time, transplantation began its story.As a correction material, the skin of the cheeks or skin in the forehead is taken.Indian technology has developed over time so that even in the Middle Ages, even European doctors, by mastered it, successfully operates patients.
Indications for rhinoplasty
Rhinoplasty is made according to medical and aesthetic indications.In other words, a nation just doesn't like what the nose looks like.It can be with a hump or curve, too large or small, wide or narrow, worn or long, with large or asymmetrical nostrils.And it happens that a person's nose is twisted by birth or because of a stroke (while he is often unable to breathe and surgery is needed to restore nose breathing).There are frequent cases where surgery is required to correct the defects of appearance after the first unsuccessful plasticity (this is considered to be the most difficult surgery).The operation is only allowed for persons over 18 years of age (if there are no emergency medical indications).This is due to the fact that bone tissue is formed up to eighteen years and cartilage is even up to twenty.Therefore, the most appropriate age for rhinoplasty of 20 - 35 years.The following is a description of the most common problems that men and women turn to rhino surgeons.
Hump
The essence of the problem: there is a small hump on the back of the nose, which is why the nose looks more massive and the face is gloomy and dissatisfied.Reason: The defect may be congenital, may occur after injury, or may be the result of an unsuccessful correction.Removal method: In most cases, in plastic surgery, the hump is removed by a closed or open method with general anesthesia.If the back of the nose is too wide, it is necessary to do rhinoplasty with osteotomy (rapprochement of the hind bones)
Nasty
The essence of the problem: a person has a very wide nose, which makes the face massive and rough.Causes: A defect may occur after injury, be congenital or result from unsuccessful hump removal.Separation method: Open osteotomy correction with general anesthesia.The essence of this technique is that part of the bone at the back is removed and then the lateral parts are combined.
The nose of the carriers crooked
The essence of the problem: the back of the nose is asymmetrical.Because of the curvature, one often cannot breathe at all.This problem refers to functional indications for surgical correction.How a defect occurs: In most cases it is the result of a fracture.Although it happens that the nasal part is curved as a result of intense growth of the skull bones during cultivation.Is it possible to straighten your nose? In most cases, surgery to equalize the partition (septoplasty) undergoes a closed method in local anesthesia.The essence of the operation is shown in the diagram below.If this is not enough, in such cases, they resort to rhinoseptoplasty (when the partition correction is combined with the elimination of other defects in the shape of the nose).In cases where the injury is quite serious, they resort to reconstructive plastic (more serious surgery, which is often performed in several stages), this section of the methods of plastic surgery examines the methods of repairing the nose after serious injuries and in cases of complete absence.The task of the surgeon in this case is the restoration of the integrity of the base of the bone cherry and the skin.
The shape of the saddle of the nose
The essence of the problem: the nose is too low.Because of what the shape of the nose resembles a saddle in profile.Reason: The defect may be congenital, may occur as a result of injury when part of the bone or cartilage is damaged.How can you change the situation? The correct form is restored by transplantation of bone cartilage, cartilage from the auricula (on the outside of the ear) or by implanting a synthetic implant.
Nasten nose
The essence of the problem. Too large (long or wide) nose makes the face disproportionate.Most often, in such cases, the tip is very thick.Reason: The defect is most often congenital. How do they solve the problem? The nature of surgery depends on the cause (in some cases it is necessary to reduce the tip of the tip, in other wings of the nose they are reduced, but it is necessary to remove the hump).Before you decide that it is possible to do plastic surgeons often resort to computer modeling 3D.This allows you to see even before the surgery what the face will look like after the procedure.
The problem shape on the tip of the nose
The essence of the problem: the correct proportions of the face are disturbed due to the wrong shape of the nasal tip.For example, it can be:
- Narrow
- Wide
- Circle (nose with potatoes or bulbs)
- Lowered (knitting one hook)
- Raised (kurting)
- Bifurcated
How do they solve the problem? The course of the operation is considered depending on the type of problem.
- In order to reduce the wide tip, it is sufficient to connect the dome of large cartilage, while in others it is further necessary to cut off some of the cartilage tissue.
- A round flesh peak, more often, should remove some of the cartilage, followed by the rapprochement of the domes, also often reduces the wings during surgery.
- The bifourced tip of the nose should install a transplant from the patient's own cartilage tissue taken in the area of the ear or rib, or of synthetic material.
- The tip may seem too narrow due to disorders associated with the loss of hardness of the cartilage side legs.They are strengthened and also use transplants.
- During the correction of the decreased tip of the nose, the surgeon removes some of the cartilage and lifts it by sewing, fixing it in a new position.
- Another operation of the operation involves the strengthening of the colomel of the nose to provide good support for the tip.
- There is a third method associated with cutting a portion of the internal muscle, then the tip is pulled up
- Kournostability is also eliminated in several ways that involve the installation of their own or synthetic transplants at the tip of the tip or the bridge of the nose.
Large or different nostrils
The essence of the problem: the disproportionate size of the nostrils (too small or too large) or significant asymmetry can disrupt the harmony and worsen the appearance of the face.How to remove the defect? The course of the operation depends on the source of the problem.They can sew the wings of the nose, it may be necessary to strengthen the domes of the cartilage for retirement, and in some cases it is sufficient to align it to the nasal septum.Happens that it is necessary to lift or reduce the long tip of the nose
Contraindications to rhinoplasty
To absolute contraindications in which rhinoplasty should not be done in any case:
- Diabetes I, Type II
- Coronary heart disease and other diseases serious cardiovascular diseases in which general anesthesia is contraindicated
- Meningitis, tuberculosis, gonorrhea, brucellosis and other serious viral infectious diseases
- Systemic diseases: Red Lupus, HIV, Lepra and others.
- Allergic reaction to components of anesthesia.
- Chronic diseases: liver cirrhosis, hepatitis, etc.
- Cancer
- Bronchial asthma
- Blood Coagulation Problems
- Mental illness
Relative contraindications (rhinoplasty can be done if the disease is healed) refer to:
- Age up to 18 years (correction is only acceptable in the most final cases)
- Exacerbation of inflammatory diseases (sore throat, frontal, sinusitis, otitis media)
- Ars, Sars
- Skin diseases
- Age after 50 years (surgery is performed if there are no chronic diseases associated with absolute contraindications)
- Pregnancy, lactation, menstruation
How does rhinoplasty go
Rhinoplasty is performed only with general anesthesia.The duration of the procedure depends on the complexity of surgery and varies from 30 minutes to 2 hours.During the first consultation, the doctor proposes to do 3D modeling to achieve a complete understanding with the patient.This helps to show a person what end result can be expected.When I imagine that in the end, it is easier to make a conscious choice.Prior to the surgery, the patient must undergo a general and biochemical blood test and a common urine test.It will also be necessary to perform a blood test for HIV and blood tests for prothrombin.It will be necessary to do an electrocardiogram and check with profile doctors, if necessary.The patient's preparation in the preoperative period includes the following recommendations:
Two weeks before surgery:
- Refuse to drink alcohol (especially carbonated)
- Do not take blood thinning medication
- Not sunbathing
- Smoking
Week before the procedure:
- Acquire all the necessary medicines
- Minimize the use of cosmetics
- Buy contact lenses to replace glasses (for people with poor vision)
10 hours before surgery:
- Do not drink anything (or drink the minimum amount of liquid)
- Do not use perfume and cosmetics
- Prepare clothes that don't need to be removed over your head
- Remove the jewelry
Rehabilitation after rhinoplasty
Complete tissue repair after rhinoplasty occurs a year after surgery.In order to accelerate the healing process of tissues and to avoid the appearance of unwanted consequences, it is extremely important to strictly monitor the doctor's recommendations on the postoperative behavior.The first days after the surgery, the patient is discomfort due to the fact that he should constantly carry plaster and withstand swabs in the nose.This means that you can only breathe with your nose, your mouth often dries.The temperature may rise.I want to drink.It's hard to wash and brush your teeth.Remove the gypsum and remove Tourundas from the nose earlier
It is impossible to.This can lead to unwanted deformities, increases swelling and tissue treatment problems.
The first four five days of edema will intensify and then it will start to disappear.In order to limit the swelling, it is recommended to make cold compresses the first day.After removing the gypsum dressing for about two weeks, people will continue to experience discomfort caused by nasal swelling.Perhaps some loss of sensitivity in the field of surgery.Blue are still visible.At that time, breathing with your nose was now easier. During rehabilitation, the first week, Rhinoplasts surgeons recommend compliance with the following restrictions:
- You can't eat too salty, spicy, sour and other, simple food.
- You cannot tilt your head down, bathe, lift weights (including picking up a child or pets stronger than 5 kg) and charge.
- You will only need to sleep on your back, on a high pillow.
One will be able to go to work two weeks after surgery, although it will be necessary to avoid heavy physical labor.Therefore, it is best to plan a vacation for this time to provide full rest and rest for a speedy recovery.
Within two months after rhinoplasty:
- You need to rinse the nasal cavity regularly
- You cannot be subjected to serious exercise, exercise or go to the pool
- You can't drink alcohol
- You can't smoke
- Reduce or remove the use of coffee
- It is forbidden to visit a bath or sauna
- It is necessary to avoid direct sunlight on the face
- You can't wear glasses.They affect the shape of the bridges of the nose, so you have to wait until the bone is completely healed.
Possible complications after rhinoplasty
It is considered a normal condition if there are bruises around the eyes and swelling immediately after surgery.They are a direct consequence of the damage during surgery for small vessels.After almost two weeks, primary edema and bruise should already decrease.
Early complications include the following problems:
- Bleeding
- Hematoma
- Very strong edema
- Necrosis of fabric
- Wound infection
- Seams
- Tingling on the tip of the nose
If these problems occur, it is necessary to consult your visiting surgeon in a timely manner and start treatment on time and prevent them from developing.
Late complications include:
- Maybe the appearance of bone calluses
- The formation of keloid scars
- An opinion on the tip of the nose
- Bifurcation on the tip of the nose
- The shape of the saddle of the nose
- The curvature on the back of the nose
- Asymmetry
- The appearance of a hump on the nose
- Partition
- Breathing
Most of the above complications can be eliminated with the help of multiple surgery.Some of them occur due to the errors of the surgeon, some due to the mistake of the patient's wrong behavior during the recovery period and the appearance of some is explained by the different characteristics of the human body.